Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids (Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology) - gebunden oder broschiert

EAN (ISBN-13): 9783540077107
ISBN (ISBN-10): 3540077103
Gebundene Ausgabe
Erscheinungsjahr: 1977
Herausgeber: Kochakian, Charles D. Springer

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ISBN/EAN: 9783540077107

ISBN - alternative Schreibweisen:
3-540-07710-3, 978-3-540-07710-7
Alternative Schreibweisen und verwandte Suchbegriffe:
Autor des Buches: kopera, arnold spencer, kochakian, potts daniel, charles bennett, friedland, charles perry, beyler
Titel des Buches: anabolic steroids, handbook experimental pharmacology, handbuch der experimentellen pharmakologie

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Daten vom Verlag:

Autor/in: Charles D. Kochakian
Titel: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology; Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids
Verlag: Springer; Springer Berlin
726 Seiten
Erscheinungsjahr: 1976-12-01
Berlin; Heidelberg; DE
Gewicht: 1,590 kg
Sprache: Englisch
85,55 € (DE)
87,95 € (AT)
106,60 CHF (CH)
Not available, publisher indicates OP

BB; Book; Hardcover, Softcover / Medizin/Allgemeines; Medizin, allgemein; Verstehen; diseases; research; immunology; pharmacology; steroids; Nicotin; Nicotinamid; nutrition; Histamin; neurology; psychiatry; Drogen; cancer; Hormone; Androgen; B; Medicine/Public Health, general; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Pharmacy; Pharmazie, Apotheke; Orientieren; BC; EA

I. Historical Review of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids..- References.- II. Metabolic Effects.- A. Metabolic Effects of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids in Experimental Animals..- I. Introduction.- A. Early Studies.- B. Establishment of Anabolic Action.- 1. Dog.- 2. Rat.- II. Comparison of Protein Anabolic Activity of Natural and Synthetic Steroids.- A. Assay Procedure in Rat.- B. Comparison of Steroids.- 1. Subcutaneous Administration.- 2. Oral Administration.- III. Effect of Castration on Protein and Energy Metabolism.- A. Dog.- B. Rat.- C. Guinea Pig.- D. Fowl.- IV. Effect of Endocrine Status on Anabolic Activity of Steroids.- A. Testis.- 1. Dog.- 2. Rat.- 3. Rabbit.- B. Ovary.- 1. Rat.- 2. Dog.- 3. Monkey.- C. Pituitary.- 1. Dog.- 2. Rat.- D. Thyroid.- Rat.- E. Adrenals.- Rat.- F. Pancreas.- 1. Dog.- 2. Rat.- V. Effect of Nutritive State on Anabolic Activity of Steroids.- A. Rat.- 1. Quantity of Protein.- 2. Quality of Protein.- 3. Depletion and Repletion.- B. Guinea Pig.- C. Dog.- VI. Kinetics of Protein Synthesis.- [15N]-Glycine Studies.- VII. Nitrogen Constituents of Urine and Blood.- A. NPN, Urea, Amino-N and Protein.- 1. Urine.- 2. Blood.- B. Creatine-Creatinine.- 1. Dog.- 2. Rat.- 3. Monkey.- 4. Rabbit.- 5. Guinea Pig.- C. Coproporphyrin.- VIII. Electrolytes and Water.- A. Dog.- B. Rat.- C. Mouse.- D. Rabbit.- IX. Energy Metabolism.- A. Dog.- B. Rat.- X. Summary.- References.- B. The Metabolic Effects of Anabolic Steroids in Man..- I. The Anabolic Effect of Testosterone.- II. Salt-Retaining Action of Testosterone.- III. Anabolic Effects of Estrogen.- IV. Effect of Estrogen on Salt Metabolism.- V. The Use of Androgen in Debilitated States.- VI. Effects of Androgens on Carbohydrate and Fat Metabolism.- VII. Synthetic Testosterone Analogues.- VIII. Conclusions.- References.- III. Sites of Tissue Formation.- A. Body and Organ Weights and Composition..- I. Introduction.- II. Body Weight and Composition.- A. Effect of Castration.- 1. Rat.- 2. Mouse.- 3. Guinea Pig.- 4. Hamster.- B. Steroid Administration.- 1. Rat.- 2. Mouse.- 3. Guinea Pig.- 4. Hamster.- 5. Monkey.- 6. Rabbit.- III. Muscle.- 1. Guinea Pig.- 2. Rat.- 3. Mice.- 4. Rabbit.- 5. Other Species.- IV. Urinary Bladder.- A. Mouse.- B. Rat.- C. Dog.- V. Internal Organs.- A. Kidney.- 1. Rat.- 2. Mouse.- 3. Guinea Pig.- 4. Hamster.- 5. Rabbit.- 6. Dog.- 7. Human.- 8. Compensatory Renal Hypertrophy.- B. Liver.- 1. Rat.- 2. Mouse.- 3. Guinea Pig.- 4. Hamster.- 5. Dog.- C. Heart.- 1. Rat.- 2. Mouse.- D. Thymus and Spleen.- 1. Rat.- 2. Mouse.- 3. Guinea Pig.- E. Lacrimal Glands.- 1. Rat.- 2. Mouse.- 3. Rabbit.- F. Gastrointestinal Tract.- 1. Rat.- 2. Mouse.- VI. Summary and Conclusions.- References.- B. Effect of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids on the Skin, Including Hair and Sebaceous Glands..- I. Effects upon the General Properties of the Skin.- A. Mechanical Properties.- B. Collagen Content.- C. Skin Mucopolysaccharides.- D. Anabolic Effects.- II. Metabolism of Androgens by the Skin.- III. Effects of Androgens on Hair Growth in Experimental Animals.- A. Hair Growth in Waves in Rats and Mice.- B. Effects of Castration.- C. Effect of Steroid Hormones.- D. Effects in Other Mammals.- IV. Metabolism of Androgens by the Rat Skin in Relation to the Hair Cycles.- V. Effects of Androgens upon Hair Growth in Man.- A. Effects on Scalp Hair.- B. Effects on Axillary and Pubic Hair.- C. Effects on Masculine Hair.- VI. Metabolism of Androgens by Isolated Human Hair Follicles.- VII. Effects of Androgens upon Sebaceous Glands in Experimental Animals.- A. Effect on Sebaceous Glands of Rats.- B. Effects on Hamster Flank Organ.- C. Effects on Rat Preputial Glands.- D. Effects on Sebaceous Glands of Other Mammals.- VIII. Effects of Androgens in Human Sebaceous Glands.- Androgens and Acne.- IX. Metabolism of Androgens in the Sebaceous Glands.- References.- C. Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids and Experimental Mammary Tumors..- I. Introduction.- II. Effect of Androgens on Mouse Mammary Tumors.- III. Androgens and Rat Mammary Tumors.- A. Transplanted Mammary Tumors in Rats.- 1. Fibroadenomas.- 2. Carcinomas.- B. Carcinogen-Induced Mammary Tumors in Rats.- IV. Mammary Tumors in Vitro.- V. Effects of Androgens on Other Experimental Tumor Systems.- VI. Conclusions.- References.- IV. Mechanism of Action.- A. Regulation of Protein Synthesis by Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids..- I. Introduction.- II. Studies in Vivo.- A. Mouse.- B. Rat.- 1. [14C] Amino Acids.- 2. [14C]-Formate.- 3. Anticatabolic Effects.- C. Guinea Pig.- D. Rabbit.- III. Studies in Vivo/in Vitro.- A. Rat.- 1. Liver and Kidney Slices.- 2. Kidney Cell-free System.- 3. Heart Slices.- 4. Skeletal Muscles.- 5. Perineal Muscle (“Levator Ani”) Slices.- B. Mouse.- 1. Kidney, Liver, and Muscle Slices.- 2. Kidney Homogenate.- 3. Kidney Cell-free Systems.- C. Guinea Pig.- 1. Kidney Cell-free System.- 2. Muscle Cell-free System.- IV. Studies in Vitro.- A. Liver Slices.- B. Perineal Muscles.- “Levator Ani”.- V. Summary.- References.- B. Regulation of Nucleic Acid Synthesis by Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids..- I. Introduction.- II. Mouse.- A. Kidney.- 1. Total Changes.- 2. Subcellular Changes.- 3. Biosynthesis.- B. Liver.- C. Thymus.- D. Perineal Muscle.- “Levator Ani”.- III. Rat.- A. Liver and Kidney.- B. Muscle.- 1. Skeletal.- 2. Perineal.- IV. Guinea Pig.- Skeletal Muscle.- V. Rabbit.- Heart.- VI. Summary.- References.- C. Regulation of Tissue Enzymes..- I. Introduction.- II. Kidney.- A. Amino Acid-Related.- 1. Transaminases and Glutamic Acid Dehydrogenase.- 2. D-Amino Acid Oxidase.- 3. Arginase.- 4. Transcarbamylases.- 5. Amidotransferases.- 6. Histamine Methyltransferase.- 7. Histidine Decarboxylase.- 8. Ornithine Decarboxylase.- 9. Cathepsin.- 10. Acetylating Enzyme.- 11. Aminopeptidase.- B. Hydrolases.- 1. Phosphatases.- 2. Esterases.- 3. Ribonucleases.- 4. ?-Glucuronidase.- 5. Glycosidases.- C. Oxidative and Glycolytic Enzymes.- D. ?-Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase.- E. Alcohol Dehydrogenase.- III. Liver.- A. Amino Acid-Related.- 1. Transaminases and Glutamic Acid Dehydrogenase.- 2. D-Amino Acid Oxidase.- 3. Catalase.- 4. Tyrosine Oxidase.- 5. Tryptophan Pyrrolase.- 6. Phenylalanine Hydroxylase.- 7. Monoamine Oxidase.- 8. Arginase.- 9. Arginine Synthetase.- 10. Aspartate- and Ornithine-Transcarbamylases.- 11. Creatine-Synthesizing Enzymes.- 12. Histidase.- 13. Decarboxylases.- B. Hydrolases.- 1. Phosphatases.- 2. Glucose-6-Phosphatase.- 3. Esterases.- C. Folate Enzymes.- D. N-Methylnicotinamide Oxidase.- E. Oxidative and Glycolytic Enzymes.- F. Fatty Acid Dehydrogenase.- IV. Muscle.- A. Amino Acid-Related.- B. Hydrolases.- C. Oxidative and Glycolytic Enzymes.- 1. Rat.- 2. Rabbit.- 3. Guinea Pig.- V. Gastrointestinal Tract.- A. Oxidases, Dehydrogenases, Phosphatases.- 1. Rat.- 2. Mouse.- B. Glycolytic Enzymes.- C. Folate-Metabolizing Enzymes.- D. Amylase.- E. Pepsin.- F. Arginase.- VI. Other Tissues.- VII. Summary.- References.- D. The Metabolism in Vitro of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids by Mammalian Tissues..- I. Introduction.- II. Sites of Metabolism.- A. Liver.- 1. Rabbit.- 2. Guinea Pig.- 3. Rat.- 4. Human.- 5. Dog.- 6. Mouse.- 7. Chick.- B. Kidney.- 1. Rabbit.- 2. Guinea Pig.- 3. Rat.- 4. Dog.- 5. Monkey.- 6. Mouse.- 7. Human.- C. Blood.- 1. Initial Observations in Several Species.- 2. Rat.- 3. Rabbit.- 4. Human.- D. Skeletal Muscle.- E. Heart.- F. Urinary Bladder.- G. Intestine.- H. Thymus.- I. Bone.- J. Neural Tissues.- 1. Rat.- 2. Monkey.- 3. Human.- 4. Dog.- 5. Guinea Pig.- K. Submaxillary Gland.- L. Oral Mucosa.- III. Subcellular Distribution of C19-Steroid Metabolizing Enzyme Activities in Tissues.- A. 17?-Hydroxy-C19-Steroid Oxidoreductases.- B. 3-Hydroxy-C19-Steroid Oxidoreductases.- C. 5-Reductases(?4-Hydrogenases).- 1. Liver.- 2. Kidney.- IV. Regulation of the Activities of the C19-Steroid Metabolizing Enzymes in Peripheral Tissues.- A. Guinea Pig.- B. Rat.- 1. Sex Differences.- 2. Thyroxine.- 3. Pituitary.- 4. Diabetes.- 5. Drugs.- V. Purification of C19-Steroid Enzymes.- A. 17?-Hydroxy-C19-Steroid Oxidoreductase.- 1. Liver.- 2. Kidney.- 3. Blood.- B. 3?-Hydroxy-C19-Steroid Oxidoreductase.- Rat Liver.- C. 5?-Reductase (?4–5?-Hydrogenase).- Pig.- VI. Summary.- References.- V. Dissociation of the Androgenic and Other Hormonal Activities from the Protein Anabolic Effects of Steroids..- I. Introduction.- II. Experimental Methods for Assessing Anabolic and Androgenic Activities.- A. The Evaluation of Anabolic Properties of Steroids Based on Nitrogen Balance Studies.- 1. Assay for Nitrogen Retention.- 2. Calculations of Relative Anabolic-Androgenic Potencies.- B. The Myotrophic/Androgenic Assay as a Method for Evaluating the Dissociation of Anabolic from Androgenic Activities.- Assay for Myotrophic and Androgenic Activities.- C. The Effect of Anabolic Steroids on Rate of Growth and Efficiency of Feed Utilization.- Method.- D. Fasting Body Weight Loss and Increments in Urinary Excretion of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium as Indices of Catabolic Action of Glucocorticoids.- Method.- E. Reversal of Catabolic Action of Glucocorticoids by Anabolic Steroids.- 1. Acute Experiments.- 2. Subacute Experiments.- F. The Anticatabolic Activity of Anabolic Steroids Based on the Suppression of Glucocorticoid Induction of Liver Tryptophan Pyrrolase.- G. Assay of Other Hormonal Activities.- III. Dissociation of Anabolic and Androgenic Activities of Selected Protein Anabolic Steroids.- A. Testosterone-Derived Protein Anabolic Steroids.- 1. Testosterone and 17?-Methyltestosterone.- 2. Chlorotestosterone Acetate.- 3. Fluoxymesterone.- 4. Oxymesterone.- 5. Chloromethyltestosterone.- 6. Thiomesterone.- 7. Methandrostenolone, Methandienone.- 8. Chloro-1-dehydromethyltestosterone.- 9. Bolasterone, Dimethyltestosterone.- B. 19-Nortestosterone-Derived Protein Anabolic Steroids.- 1. 19-Nortestosterone, Nandrolone.- 2. Hydroxy-19-nortestosteronecyclopentylproprionate, Oxabolone.- 3. Chloro-19-nortest osterone Acetate.- 4. Methyl-19-nortestosterone.- 5. Norethandrolone, 17?-Ethyl-9-nortestosterone.- 6. Ethyldienolone.- 7. Norbolethone.- C. Androstane-Derived Protein Anabolic Steroids.- 1. Androstanolone, Stanolone, Androlone, Dihydrotestosterone.- 2. Drostanolone, 2?-Methyldihydrotestosterone, 2?-Methylandrosta-nolone.- 3. Mestanolone, Methylandrostanolone.- 4. Oxymetholone.- D. Heterocyclic Protein Anabolic Steroids.- 1. Stanozolol.- 2. Androisoxazole.- 3. 2?,17-Dimethylandrostan-2-eno[3.2-d]thiazol-17?-ol.- 4. Methyldiazinol.- 5. Dimethazine.- 6. Oxandrolone.- E. Miscellaneous Structures.- 1. Methylandrostenediol.- 2. Methenolone.- 3. Ethylestrenol.- 4. 17-Methyl-3-methylene-l-androsten-17?-ol.- IV. Reversal of the Acute Catabolic Actions of Glucocorticoids by Protein Anabolic Steroids.- A. The Acute Catabolic Actions of Adrenal Glucocorticoids.- B. Reversal of the Catabolic Actions of Glucocorticoids by Protein Anabolic Steroids.- C. The Anticatabolic Activity of Anabolic Steroids Based on the Suppression of Cortisone Acetate Induction of Liver Tryptophan Pyrrolase.- V. Comments and Conclusions.- References.- VI. Animal Husbandry..- I. Sources of Androgens.- II. General Role of Androgens in Animals.- III. Cattle.- IV. Swine.- V. Sheep.- VI. Poultry.- References.- VII. Clinical Applications.- A. Effect of Androgens on Bone, Calcium, and Phosphorus Metabolism..- Effect of Androgens on Mineral Metabolism in Animals and Man.- A. Effect of Androgens in Animals.- 1. Skeletal Growth.- 2. Skeletal Maturation.- 3. Mineralization.- 4. Collagen Formation and Cellular Action of Androgens.- 5. Androgen Effects During Corticosteroid Administration.- 6. Serum Alkaline Phosphatase.- B. Effect of Androgens in Man.- 1. Skeletal Growth and Maturation.- 2. Effect of Androgens on Bone Resorption and Bone Formation.- 3. Effect on Serum Calcium, Phosphorus, and Alkaline Phosphatase.- 4. Effect of Testosterone on Calcium and Phosphorus Balances.- 5. Effect of Other Synthetic Anabolic Agents on Calcium and Phosphorus Balance.- C. Androgen-Estrogen Interaction.- D. Therapeutic Uses of Androgens.- 1. Postmenopausal and Senile Osteoporosis.- 2. Disuse Osteoporosis.- 3. Corticosteroid-Induced Osteoporosis.- 4. Osteogenesis Imperfecta.- References.- B. The Use of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids in Childhood and Adolescence..- I. Introduction.- II. Growth and Development.- A. Growth.- B. Puberty.- 1. Gonadal Function During Puberty.- 2. The Onset of Puberty.- 3. Pituitary Gonadotropin Function During Puberty.- III. Some Special Considerations in Children and Adolescents.- A. Rate of Growth.- B. Virilization.- C. Liver Problems.- IV. Clinical Uses.- Growth Retardation.- 1. Premature Dystrophic Infants.- 2. Growth Retardation in Older Children.- 3. Hypopituitarism.- V. Problems of Sexual Maturation.- A. Delayed Sexual Maturation.- 1. Klinefelter’s Syndrome.- 2. Gonadal Dysgenesis (Turner’s Syndrome).- B. Precocious Puberty.- C. Blood Diseases.- 1. Aplastic Anemia.- 2. Hemolytic Anemias.- 3. Anemia of Renal Failure.- D. Chronic Wasting Diseases.- 1. Malnutrition and Protein Loss.- 2. With Corticosteroids.- 3. Diabetes Mellitus.- 4. Hyperthyroidism.- 5. Pulmonary Diseases.- 6. Muscular Dystrophy.- E. Miscellaneous Conditions.- 1. Athletics.- 2. Osteogenesis Imperfecta.- 3. Inborn Errors of Metabolism.- 4. Other Conditions.- VI. Conclusions.- References.- C. The Hematologic Effects of Androgens.- I. Introduction.- II. The Effects of Androgens on Erythropoiesis.- A. Effects of Androgenic Steroids on Peripheral Blood Values.- B. Mechanisms of Action of Androgenic Steroids on Red Cell Formation.- III. The Use of Androgens in Treatment of Anemias.- A. Pharmacologic Considerations.- B. Treatment of Hypoplastic Anemias.- C. Treatment of Secondary Anemias.- IV. The Effects of Androgens on Leukopoiesis and the Use of Androgens in Leukopenia.- V. Summary.- References.- D. Cancer in Man..- I. Introduction.- II. Endocrine-Responsive Tumors.- III. Breast Cancer.- A. Attempts to Predict Response.- B. Empirical Response Rates.- C. Evaluation of Efficacy of Treatment.- 1. Established Clinical Variables.- 2. Measurement of Responses.- 3. Other Parameters.- D. Antitumor Efficacy of Steroidal Agents.- 1. Primary Hormonal Therapy.- 2. Secondary Hormonal Therapy.- 3. Combination of Steroids and Cytotoxic Chemotherapy.- E. Hypercalcemia.- 1. Etiology and Pathogenesis.- 2. Treatment of Hypercalcemia.- References.- E. Athletics..- I. Introduction.- II. Clinical and Laboratory Studies.- A. Reports in which no Improvement in Strength or Power is Claimed Following the Administration of Anabolic Steroids.- B. Reports in which Improvement in Strength or Power is Claimed Following Administration of Anabolic Steroids.- C. Discussion of the Results of the Clinical and Laboratory Studies.- III. Control of the Use of Anabolic Steroids.- IV. Ethical Considerations.- V. Summary.- References.- F. Miscellaneous Uses of Anabolic Steroids..- I. Introduction.- II. Rationale for the Clinical Use of Anabolic Steroids.- A. Protein Anabolism.- B. Other Effects.- III. Principles of Therapeutic Investigations.- IV. Clinical Results.- A. Organic Diseases.- 1. Hepatic Disorders.- 2. Renal Disorders.- 3. Cardiac Disorders.- 4. Vascular Disorders and Fibrinolytic Disturbances.- 5. Gastrointestinal Disorders.- 6. Muscular Disorders.- 7. Pulmonary Disorders.- B. Metabolic Diseases.- 1. Diabetes Mellitus.- 2. Hyperlipemias.- 3. Other Metabolic Disorders.- C. Deficiency States and Catabolic Conditions.- 1. Emaciation, Malnutrition.- 2. Surgery.- 3. Convalescence.- D. Other Conditions.- 1. Neurology.- 2. Psychiatry.- 3. Geriatrics.- 4. Immunology.- 5. Catatoxic Effects.- 6. Radiotherapy.- V. Anabolics with Other Drugs.- A. Combination with Cytostatics.- B. Combination with Glucocorticosteroids.- C. Interaction with Other Drugs.- References.- VIII. Appendix.- Author Index.- Addendum.- VII. E. Athletics, A.J. Ryan.