Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology: Secondary Plant Products (Volume 8) - gebunden oder broschiert

EAN (ISBN-13): 9783540094616
ISBN (ISBN-10): 354009461X
Gebundene Ausgabe
Erscheinungsjahr: 1980
Herausgeber: Bell, E.A. Charlwood, B.V. Springer

Buch in der Datenbank seit 2007-04-28T11:52:35+02:00 (Berlin)
Detailseite zuletzt geändert am 2023-07-18T14:11:19+02:00 (Berlin)
ISBN/EAN: 9783540094616

ISBN - alternative Schreibweisen:
3-540-09461-X, 978-3-540-09461-6
Alternative Schreibweisen und verwandte Suchbegriffe:
Autor des Buches: bell
Titel des Buches: plant products, secondary plant, plant physiology, berlin plant, encyclopedia openings

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Daten vom Verlag:

Autor/in: E.A. Bell; B.V. Charlwood
Titel: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series; Secondary Plant Products
Verlag: Springer; Springer Berlin
674 Seiten
Erscheinungsjahr: 1979-12-01
Berlin; Heidelberg; DE
Gewicht: 1,500 kg
Sprache: Englisch
85,55 € (DE)
87,95 € (AT)
106,60 CHF (CH)
Not available, publisher indicates OP

BB; Book; Hardcover, Softcover / Biologie/Botanik; Botanik und Pflanzenwissenschaften; Verstehen; Alkaloids; Metabolism; Sekundärer Pflanzenstoff; Isoprenoids; B; Plant Sciences; Biomedical and Life Sciences; BC; EA

1 Historical Introduction.- References.- 2 The Possible Significance of Secondary Compounds in Plants.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Phylogenetic Significance.- 3 Ecological Significance.- References.- 3 Expression and Control of Secondary Metabolism.- 1 Introduction: Expression of Secondary Metabolism — a Feature of Cell Specialization.- 2 Regulation of Enzyme Amount in Secondary Metabolism.- 3 Regulation of Enzyme Activity.- 4 Compartmentation as Principle of Control in Secondary Metabolism.- 5 Integration of Secondary Metabolism in Programs of Differentiation and Development.- 5.1 The Influence of Nutrients.- 5.2 Action of Signals.- 5.3 Coordinated Enzyme Expression.- 5.4 Sequential Gene Expression in Secondary Metabolism.- 5.5 Secondary Metabolism and Cell Specialization.- 6 Some Speculations About the Evolution of the Control Mechanisms in Secondary Metabolism.- 7 Summary.- References.- 4 The Alkaloids.- 4.1 Alkaloids Derived from Ornithine, Lysine, and Nicotinic Acid.- 1 Alkaloids Derived from Ornithine.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 The Tobacco Alkaloids.- 1.3 Tropane Alkaloids.- 1.4 Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids.- 1.5 Phenanthroindolizidine Alkaloids.- 2 Alkaloids Derived from Lysine.- 2.1 Unsymmetrical Incorporation of Lysine.- 2.2 Symmetrical Incorporation of Lysine.- 2.3 Lycopodium Alkaloids.- 2.4 Securinine.- 2.5 Mimosine.- 3 Alkaloids Derived from Nicotinic Acid.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 The Tobacco Alkaloids.- 3.3 Dioscorine.- 3.4 Ricinine and Other Pyridones.- References.- 4.2 Alkaloids Derived from Phenylalanine and Tyrosine.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Alkaloids Derived from Phenylalanine.- 2.1 Ephedra Alkaloids.- 2.2 Cytochalasins.- 2.3 Gliotoxin.- 2.4 Tenellin.- 2.5 Taxus Alkaloids.- 2.6 The Lunaria Alkaloids.- 2.7 The Lythraceae Alkaloids.- 3 Alkaloids Derived from Tyrosine and/or DOPA.- 3.1 Simple Phenylethylamines.- 3.2 Simple Isoquinoline Alkaloids.- 3.3 Benzylisoquinolines and Related Alkaloids Derived from Two Moles of Tyrosine.- 3.4 Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Norbelladine (Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids).- 3.5 Colchicine.- 3.6 Emetine and Related Ipecacuanha Alkaloids.- 3.7 Betalains.- 3.8 Alkaloids Derived from Noradrenaline.- 3.9 Complex Alkaloids Formed from Tyrosine and a Different Precursor.- References.- 4.3 Alkaloids Derived from Tryptophan and Anthranilic Acid.- 1 Indole Alkaloids.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Structural Types of Indole Alkaloids.- 1.3 Biochemistry of Indole Alkaloids.- 2 Alkaloids Derived from Anthranilic Acid.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Protoalkaloids.- 2.3 Quinoline Alkaloids.- 2.4 Quinazolines.- 2.5 Acridine Alkaloids.- 2.6 Miscellaneous.- References.- 4.4 Alkaloids Derived from Histidine and Other Precursors.- 1 Alkaloids Derived from Histidine.- 1.1 Dolicotheline.- 1.2 Pilocarpine.- 2 Alkaloids Derived from Other Precursors.- 2.1 Alkaloids Derived by Linear Combination of Acetate.- 2.2 Alkaloids Derived from Isoleucine.- References.- 4.5 Isoprenoid Alkaloids.- 1 General Introduction.- 2 Terpenoid Alkaloids.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Monoterpenoid Alkaloids.- 2.3 Sesquiterpenoid Alkaloids.- 2.4 Diterpenoid Alkaloids.- 2.5 Triterpenoid Alkaloids.- 3 Steroidal Alkaloids.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Solanum Alkaloids.- 3.3 Veratrum Alkaloids.- 3.4 Alkaloids of the Apocynaceae.- 3.5 Alkaloids of the Buxaceae.- References.- 5 The Isoprenoids.- 5.1 The Terpenoids.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Distribution of the Terpenoids.- 2.1 General.- 2.2 Hemiterpenes.- 2.3 Monoterpenes.- 2.4 Sesquiterpenes.- 2.5 Diterpenes.- 2.6 Sesterterpenes.- 2.7 Nonsteroidal Triterpenes.- 3 Structural Diversity of Biosynthesis of C5 to C30 Compounds.- 3.1 Hemiterpenes (C5 Compounds).- 3.2 Monoterpenes (CIO Compounds).- 3.3 Sesquiterpenes (CI5 Compounds).- 3.4 Diterpenes (C20 Compounds).- 3.5 Sesterterpenes (C25 Compounds).- 3.6 Nonsteroidal Triterpenes (C30 Compounds).- 4 Terpene Biosynthesis in Cell-Free Extracts and Tissue Culture.- 4.1 Cell-Free Extracts.- 4.2 Tissue Cultures.- References.- 5.2 Steroids.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Sterols.- 2.1 Structure.- 2.2 Classification.- 2.3 Distribution.- 2.4 Biosynthesis.- 2.5 Seed Germination and Plant Growth.- 2.6 Physiological Function.- 3 Steryl Esters.- 3.1 Occurrence and Distribution.- 3.2 Biosynthesis.- 3.3 Physiological Function.- 4 Steryl Glycosides and Acylsteryl Glycosides.- 4.1 Occurrence and Distribution.- 4.2 Biosynthesis.- 4.3 Physiological Function.- 5 Ecdysteroids.- 5.1 Terminology, Chemistry, Isolation, and Distribution.- 5.2 Biosynthesis.- 5.3 Function.- 6 Progestagens.- 7 Corticosteroids.- 7.1 Occurrence.- 7.2 Physiological Function.- 8 Estrogens and Androgens.- 8.1 Occurrence.- 8.2 Biosynthesis.- 8.3 Physiological Function.- 9 Cardenolides.- 9.1 Chemistry and Distribution.- 9.2 Biosynthesis.- 9.3 Physiological Function.- 10 Sapogenins.- References.- 5.3 Carotenoids.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Biosynthesis.- 2.1 General Pathway.- 2.2 Stereochemistry.- 3 Higher Plants.- 3.1 Leaves.- 3.2 Anthers and Pollen.- 3.3 Flowers.- 3.4 Seeds.- 3.5 Fruit.- 3.6 Roots.- 3.7 Formation and Metabolism.- 3.8 Contribution to Flower Colour.- 3.9 Taxonomic Significance of Fruit Carotenoids.- 4 Mosses, Liverworts and Spore-Bearing Vascular Plants.- 5 Algae.- 5.1 Distribution.- 5.2 Localization.- 5.3 Carotenoids and Algal Taxonomy and Evolution.- 6 Function.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Photosynthesis.- 6.3 Photoprotection.- 6.4 The Xanthophyll Cycle..- 6.5 Phototropism.- References.- 5.4 Polyisoprenoids.- 5.4.1 Polyprenols and Terpenoid Quinones and Chromanols.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Polyprenols.- 2.1 Nature and Distribution.- 2.2 Seasonal Variation and Intracellular Distribution.- 2.3 Biosynthesis.- 2.4 Function.- 3 Terpenoid Quinones and Chromanols.- 3.1 Nature and Distribution.- 3.2 Intracellular Distribution.- 3.3 Biosynthesis.- 3.4 Formation in Relation to Plant Development.- 3.5 Function.- References.- 5.4.2 Polyisoprene.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Occurrence.- 2.1 Rubber, Gutta, and Chicle.- 2.2 Mode of Occurrence of Polyisoprene in Plants.- 2.3 The Laticiferous System in Hevea brasiliensis.- 2.4 The Composition of Latex.- 2.5 The Polyisoprene Particle in Plants.- 3 Chemical and Physical Properties of Polyisoprene.- 3.1 Purification.- 3.2 Molecular Structure.- 3.3 Physical Properties.- 3.4 The Gel-Phase in Natural Rubber.- 3.5 Molecular Weight.- 3.6 Chemical Properties.- 4 Biosynthesis of Rubber.- 5 Role of Polyisoprene in Plants.- 6 The Artificial Stimulation of the Flow of Latex from Hevea brasiliensis.- 7 Breeding of Hevea brasiliensis.- 8 Propagation and Tissue Culture of Hevea brasiliensis.- References.- 6 Plant Phenolics.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Phenolic Aglycones.- 2.1 Simple Phenols and Phenolic Acids.- 2.2 Phenylpropanoids.- 2.3 Flavonoids.- 2.4 Xanthones and Stilbenes.- 2.5 Quinones.- 2.6 Miscellaneous Phenols.- 3 Phenolic Conjugates.- 3.1 Functional Significance of Conjugation.- 3.2 Glycosidic Variation.- 3.3 Bound Forms of Hydroxycinnamic Acids.- 3.4 Lipid-Soluble Derivatives.- 3.5 Sulphates.- 3.6 Polymers.- 4 Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Phenolics.- 4.1 Carbon Pathway.- 4.2 Enzymology.- 4.3 Physiology of Biosynthesis.- 4.4 Turnover and Metabolism.- 5 Phenolic Production in Tissue and Cell Culture.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Qualitative Aspects.- 5.3 Metabolic Aspects.- 6 Functions of Phenolics in Plants.- 6.1 Physiological Intractions.- 6.2 Ecological Significance.- References.- 7 Non-Protein Amino Acids in Plants.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Chemistry and Occurrence.- 2.1 Neutral Aliphatic Amino Acids.- 2.2 Sulphur and Selenium-Containing Amino Acids.- 2.3 Imino Acids.- 2.4 Acidic Amino Acids and Amides.- 2.5 Basic Amino Acids and Related Compounds.- 2.6 Heterocyclic Amino Acids.- 2.7 Aromatic Amino Acids.- 2.8 Miscellaneous Amino Acids.- 3 Accumulation of Non-Protein Amino Acids.- 4 Biosynthesis of Non-Protein Amino Acids.- 5 The Distribution of Non-Protein Amino Acids.- 6 Ecological Significance of Non-Protein Amino Acids.- References.- 8 Plant Amines.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Aliphatic Monoamines.- 3 Di- and Polyamines.- 3.1 Growth Effects.- 3.2 Effect of Mineral Nutrition on Amine Metabolism.- 3.3 Biosynthesis of the Di- and Polyamines.- 3.4 Polyamine Conjugates.- 4 Amine Oxidases.- 5 Histamine.- 6 Tryptamines.- 7 Phenethylamines.- References.- 9 Cyanogenic Glycosides.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Structure and General Chemical Properties.- 2.1 Structure.- 2.2 Properties of Cyanogenic Glycosides.- 3 Detection, Isolation, and Characterization.- 3.1 Detection of Cyanogenic Glycosides.- 3.2 Isolation.- 3.3 Characterization.- 4 Distribution.- 4.1 Occurrence of Cyanogenesis.- 4.2 Natural Distribution.- 4.3 Literature on Cyanogens in Plants.- 5 Metabolism of Cyanogenic Glycosides.- 5.1 Biosynthesis.- 5.2 Catabolism in Plants.- 6 Physiological Role of Cyanogenic Glycosides.- References.- 10 Glucosinolates.- 1 Introduction.- 2 General Structure and Nomenclature.- 3 Glucosinolate Side Chains.- 4 Occurrence.- 5 Myrosinase and Glucosinolate Hydrolytic Products.- 6 Glucosinolates and Myrosinase in Plant Cell Cultures.- 7 Quantitative Analysis.- 8 Biosynthesis.- 8.1 Glucosinolates from Amino Acids.- 8.2 Intermediates Between Amino Acids and Glucosinolates.- 8.3 Glucosinolate Interconversions.- 9 Elimination of Glucosinolates Through Plant Breeding.- References.- 11 Betalains.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Naturally Occurring Betalains in the Centrospermae.- 2.1 Betacyanins.- 2.2 Betaxanthins.- 2.3 Betalamic Acid.- 3 Detection and Isolation of Betalains.- 4 Biogenesis of Betalains.- 4.1 Extra-Diol Cleavage of L-DOPA to Betalamic Acid.- 4.2 Incorporation of Labeled Precursors.- 4.3 Control of Betalain Biogenesis.- 5 Synthesis of Betalains.- 6 Function of Betalains.- 7 Phylogenetic Significance of Betalains with Respect to the Centrospermae…..- 7.1 Sieve-Element Plastids.- 7.2 C4 Photosynthesis in the Centrospermae.- 7.3 DNA-RNA Hybridization Data.- 7.4 Summary.- 8 Betalains in Mushrooms.- References.- 12 Plant Lipids of Taxonomic Significance.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Fatty Acids.- 2.1 Commonly Occurring Fatty Acids.- 2.2 Fatty Acids of Unusual Structure.- 2.3 The Use of Fatty Acids for Taxonomic Purposes.- 3 Waxes.- 3.1 Hydrocarbons.- 3.2 Secondary Alcohols and Ketones.- 3.3 Wax Esters.- 3.4 Fatty Acids and Fatty Alcohols.- 3.5 The Use of Waxes as a Taxonomic Tool.- 4 Cutin.- 4.1 The Nature and Origin of Cutin Monomers.- 4.2 The Use of Cutin Monomers for Taxonomic Purposes.- 5 Suberin.- 6 Polyketides.- 7 Acetylenic Compounds.- 7.1 The Nature and Metabolism of Acetylenes.- 7.2 The Use of Acetylenes for Taxonomic Purposes.- 8 Cyanolipids.- References.- 13 Plant Carbohydrates.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Arabinans, Galactans and Arabinogalactans.- 3 Plant Gum Exudates Based on Arabinogalactan Structures.- 3.1 Acacia Gums in Relation to Species of Origin.- 3.2 Gums, Mainly of Arabinogalactan Type, from Other Genera, Families, and Orders.- 4 Plant Polysaccharide Gums of the D-Galacturono-L-Rhamnan Type.- 4.1 Apiogalacturonans.- 5 Gum Exudates of D-Xylan Type.- 6 Polysaccharide Components of Bark and Seeds.- 6.1 Xyloglucans from Cotyledon Cell Walls and from Endosperm.- 6.2 Galactomannans.- 6.3 Glucomannans.- 6.4 Acidic Polysaccharides.- 7 Carbohydrates of Marine Algae.- 7.1 Polysaccharides of Phaeophyta.- 7.2 Polysaccharides of Rhodophyta.- 7.3 Polysaccharides of Chlorophyta.- 8 Conclusion.- References.- Author Index.- Species Index.