Global Climate Change and Human Impacts on Forest Ecosystems: Postglacial Development, Present Situation and Future Trends in Central Europe (Ecological Studies,) [Gebundene Ausgabe] von Joachim Puhe (Autor), Bernhard Ulrich (Autor) - gebunden oder broschiert

EAN (ISBN-13): 9783540671275
ISBN (ISBN-10): 3540671277
Gebundene Ausgabe
Taschenbuch
Erscheinungsjahr: 2001
Herausgeber: Springer

Buch in der Datenbank seit 2007-11-07T16:22:38+01:00 (Berlin)
Detailseite zuletzt geändert am 2023-10-17T01:10:54+02:00 (Berlin)
ISBN/EAN: 3540671277

ISBN - alternative Schreibweisen:
3-540-67127-7, 978-3-540-67127-5
Alternative Schreibweisen und verwandte Suchbegriffe:
Autor des Buches: dohrenbusch, chang, change, bernhard ulrich
Titel des Buches: ecological studies, global climate change and human impacts forest ecosystems, europe central, puh, impact, future trends, futur, human development

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Daten vom Verlag:

Autor/in: J. Puhe; B. Ulrich
Titel: Ecological Studies; Global Climate Change and Human Impacts on Forest Ecosystems - Analysis and Synthesis; Postglacial Development, Present Situation and Future Trends in Central Europe
Verlag: Springer; Springer Berlin
592 Seiten
Erscheinungsjahr: 2000-11-27
Berlin; Heidelberg; DE
Gedruckt / Hergestellt in Deutschland.
Gewicht: 0,980 kg
Sprache: Englisch
85,55 € (DE)
87,95 € (AT)
106,60 CHF (CH)
Not available, publisher indicates OP

BB; Book; Hardcover, Softcover / Biologie/Ökologie; Ökologie, Biosphäre; Verstehen; climate change; Greenhouse gas; environment; ecosystem processes; air pollution; nitrogen; Europe; ecosystem; forest management; climate; forest; emission; Klima; environmental change; pollution; B; Ecology; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Agriculture; Forestry; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Soil Science & Conservation; Atmospheric Sciences; Agrarwissenschaften; Forstwirtschaft und Waldbau: Praxis und Techniken; Umweltverschmutzung und Gefahren für die Umwelt; Bodenkunde, Sedimentologie; Geowissenschaften; BC; EA

1 Introduction.- 2 Forest-Ecosystem Fundamentals.- 2.1 The Forest Ecosystem and Its Environment.- 2.2 Space and Time Seal es of Ecosystem Processes.- 2.3 Complexity and Order in Forest Ecosystems.- 2.3.1 Hierarchy Theory.- 2.3.2 Constraints by Higher Hierarchical Levels: Stability.- 2.3.3 Break of Hierarchy: Destabilisation.- 2.4 Process Patterns as Ecological Indicators.- 2.4.1 Buffering Properties of Soil.- 2.4.2 Element Content in Plant Organs and Litter.- 2.4.3 Humus Forms.- 2.4.4 Tree Architecture.- 2.4.5 Input/Output Budgets.- 2.4.6 Forest Structure.- 2.4.7 State Phases of Forest Ecosystems.- 2.5 Stabilising and Destabilising Effects.- 2.5.1 Site Requirements of Tree Species.- 2.5.2 Destabilising Effects.- 2.5.3 Stabilising Effects.- 3 Post-Glacial Development of Climate and Forest Ecosystems.- 3.1 Climate Development.- 3.1.1 Historical Climate Changes.- 3.1.2 Holocene Climate History.- 3.1.3 Twentieth-Century Climate Changes.- 3.2 Vegetation Development.- 3.2.1 General Limits of Forest Growth.- 3.2.2 Historical Patterns of Forest Growth.- 3.2.3 Late-Glacial Forest Emergence.- 3.2.4 Early-Holocene Forest Expansion.- 3.2.5 Middle/Late-Holocene Forest Development.- 3.2.6 The Human Influence.- 3.2.7 Properties and Migration Patterns of Central European Forest Taxa.- 3.3 Post-Glacial Changes in Nutrient Cycling and Soil Conditions.- 4 Sources and Sinks of Greenhouse Gases and Air Pollutants.- 4.1 Overview.- 4.1.1 Controls of Climate Development.- 4.1.2 The Greenhouse Effect.- 4.1.3 Other Atmospheric Perturbations.- 4.2 Carbon Compounds.- 4.2.1 Carbon Reserves and Carbon Cycling.- 4.2.2 Wood-Related Carbon Reserves.- 4.2.3 Carbon Reserves of the Forested Systems.- 4.2.4 Carbon Dioxide.- 4.2.5 Carbon Monoxide.- 4.2.6 Methane.- 4.2.7 Halocarbons.- 4.2.8 Volatile Organic Compounds.- 4.3 Nitrogen and Sulphur Compounds, and 03.- 4.3.1 Nitrogen Compounds - an Overview.- 4.3.2 Nitrous Oxide.- 4.3.3 Ozone.- 4.3.4 Acidity: Nitrogen Oxides, NH3, S02.- 4.4 Heavy Metals.- 5 Present State of Forest Ecosystems.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Forest Soil Condition.- 5.2.1 Acid-Base Condition.- 5.2.2 Soil Organic-Matter Condition.- 5.2.3 Influence of Vegetation, Forest Type and Tree Species on Soil Organic-Matter Storage.- 5.3 Forest Vegetation Condition.- 5.3.1 Forest Area, Growing Stock and Increment.- 5.3.2 Biotic and Abiotic Influences on Timber Stocks and Forest Increments.- 5.3.3 Historical and Current Trends of Forest Damage and Decline.- 5.4 Overall Forest Carbon Reserves.- 6 Implications of Changes in Ambient and Climatic Conditions on Ecosystem Processes.- 6.1 Implications of the Deposition of Acid and Nitrogen.- 6.1.1 Effects of Acid Deposition on Leaves, Soil, Roots and Tree Nutrition.- 6.1.2 Effects on Decomposition.- 6.1.3 Effects on Crown Condition and Increment.- 6.1.4 Effects on Nutrient and Ion Cycles.- 6.1.5 Effects on Stand Development and Ecosystem Renewal.- 6.1.6 Effects on Genetics in Tree Populations.- 6.2 Implications of an Increase in the Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Content.- 6.2.1 Atmospheric C02 Concentrations in Earth’s History and Plant Developmental Responses.- 6.2.2 Plant Responses to C02 Enrichment.- 6.2.3 Interactions of Elevated C02 Levels with Other Growth Factors.- 6.2.4 Effects of Elevated C02 on Soils and Herbivores.- 6.2.5 Ecosystem Responses to Elevated C02.- 6.3 Additional Effects of an Increase in Temperature.- 6.3.1 Immediate Responses to Temperature Changes.- 6.3.2 Response of Seasonal Ecosystem Processes to Temperature and Its Change.- 6.3.3 Responses of Annual Processes and Element Cycling to Temperature Changes.- 6.3.4 Temperature Response of Processes at Higher Scales.- 6.4 Implications of Climatic Changes on the Water Balance.- 6.4.1 Introduction.- 6.4.2 Water Regulation in Plants and Soil.- 6.4.3 Water Relationships at the Ecosystem Level.- 6.4.4 Effects on the Regional Water Balance.- 6.5 Implications of Catastrophic Weather Incidents.- 6.5.1 Introduction.- 6.5.2 Storms.- 6.5.3 Forest Fires.- 6.5.4 Floods.- 6.6 Implications of Increased UV-B Radiation.- 6.6.1 Introduction.- 6.6.2 General Aspects of UV Radiation.- 6.6.3 UV-B Effects on the Plant-Ecophysiological Level.- 6.6.4 UV-B Effects on Herbivores, Pests and Diseases.- 6.6.5 UV-B Effects on Plant Growth.- 6.6.6 UV-B Effects on Ecosystem Development.- 7 Scenarios of Future Changes.- 7.1 Expected Climate Changes.- 7.1.1 Methods of Climate-Evolution Research.- 7.1.2 Temperature.- 7.1.3 Precipitation.- 7.1.4 Other Climatic Parameters.- 7.1.5 Extreme Weather Events.- 7.1.6 Chemical Climate: Critical Levels and Critical Loads of Air Pollutants.- 7.1.7 Climate Feedback from Forests.- 7.2 Expected Soil Changes.- 7.2.1 Soil Moisture.- 7.2.2 Nutrient Status.- 7.3 Modelling Vegetation and Its Development Under Changing Conditions.- 7.3.1 Essentials and Approaches of Environmental Impact Modelling.- 7.3.2 Principal Outcomes of Bioclimatic Model Simulations.- 7.4 Expected Development of Forest Area and Wood Resources.- 7.4.1 Forest Area.- 7.4.2 Forest Growing Stocks.- 7.4.3 Forest-Product Consumption and Needs.- 7.5 Forestry Options for C02 Mitigation.- 7.5.1 General Influences of Forestry on Terrestrial Carbon Reserves.- 7.5.2 Management for Biosystem Carbon Conservation.- 7.5.3 Forestation.- 7.5.4 Management for Fossil-Carbon Substitution.- 7.5.5 Forest-Soil Features.- 7.5.6 Forest-Biomass Features.- 7.6 Trends of Change in Common Forest Ecosystem Types of Central Europe.- 7.6.1 European-Beech Forests.- 7.6.2 Norway Spruce Forests.- 7.6.3 Scots-Pine Forests.- 7.6.4 Mountain-Forest Ecosystems.- 7.6.5 Aspects of Biological Diversity and Adaptation in the Forest Ecosystems.- 8 Forest Management.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Development of Forest Management in Central Europe.- 8.3 Forest-Management Practices.- 8.3.1 Stand Establishment.- 8.3.2 Tending of Stands.- 8.4 Forest Practice and Management in a European Comparison.- 8.4.1 Stand Establishment.- 8.4.2 Tending of Stands.- 8.4.3 Forest-Protection Problems and Future Perspectives.- 8.4.4 Conclusions.- 8.5 Management Strategies to Cope with Forest Decline.- 8.5.1 Tree-Species Selection.- 8.5.2 Forest Breeding.- 8.5.3 Stand Establishment.- 8.5.4 Natural Regeneration.- 8.5.5 Supporting Treatments to Stabilise Site Conditions.- 8.5.6 Silvicultural Methods to Stabilise Forest Stands.- 8.5.7 Tending and Utilisation of Forest Stands.- 8.6 Forest-Management Reactions on Climate Warming.- 8.6.1 Afforestation Opportunities to Influence the Global Carbon Balance.- 8.6.2 Reactions to the Possible Increase in Extreme Climatic Events 4518.7 Arguments for a New Orientation of Forest Management.- 8.7.1 Ideas of Nature Conservation.- 8.7.2 Activities of Forest Administrations.- 8.7.3 Conclusions for Future Forest Management.- 9 Human Impacts on Central European Forests: Summary and Conclusions.- References.
Discusses options for a sustainable forest management and how to mitigate the increasing atmospheric accumulation of greenhouse gases